Students in English 197 kept a portfolio of their work and thinking for the course.  The purpose of a portfolio was threefold: to document work during the course, including  individual contributions to the class collective project; to reflect on issues of interest; and to showcase highlights of individual work.  Portfolios are thus some combination of a journal, scrapbook, blog, or gallery that includes concrete examples of the work and topics that interested a student (e.g., screenshots, quotations from readings, samples of text analysis or topic modeling) and also reflections on those items (e.g., thoughts about a particular example, method, tool, or task).  Portfolios can be organized in a number of ways, including chronologically or by category and section.